Dakshineswar Kali Temple: A Blend of Spirituality, History, and Architecture

The Dakshineswar Kali Temple, located in Dakshineswar outside of Kolkata, is a 19th-century temple on the east bank of the Hugli River. It is a significant pilgrimage site for Hindus and people of other religions and is dedicated to Goddess Kali. The temple is closely associated with Ramakrishna, a mystic from 19th century Bengal, who served as a priest there for 30 years.

History and Legend

The temple’s origins trace back to Rani Rashmoni, a wealthy widow who, in 1847, planned a pilgrimage to the sacred city of Kashi (Varanasi). However, the Divine Mother Kali appeared to her in a dream, instructing her to construct a temple on the banks of the Ganges and arrange for her worship there. Profoundly moved, Rani Rashmoni purchased a 20-acre plot of land in Dakshineswar, and construction commenced immediately. The temple was completed in 1855, after eight years of construction and at the cost of nine hundred thousand rupees. The idol of Goddess Kali was installed on May 31, 1855, during the Snana Yatra.

Architectural Marvel

Built in the traditional Bengal architecture, the Dakshineswar Kali Temple follows the ‘Navaratna’ style, featuring nine spires. Facing south, the three-storied structure stands on an elevated platform and rises to a height of 100 feet. The main shrine houses the idol of Goddess Bhavatarini, a form of Kali, standing on the chest of Lord Shiva. The temple complex includes 12 shrines dedicated to Lord Shiva, a bathing ghat, a Radha Krishna Temple, Nahabat Khana, and a shrine to Rani Rashmoni.

Association with Ramakrishna

Ramakrishna, an influential figure in the 19th-century Bengal Renaissance, played a crucial role in the temple’s history. He became the priest after his brother Ramkumar’s death and resided at the temple with his wife, Sarada Devi. Ramakrishna’s spiritual teachings emphasized the harmony of all religions, attracting many pilgrims and bringing fame to the temple. His room in the northwestern corner of the courtyard is now a popular spot for visitors.

Socio-Political Significance

The Dakshineswar Kali Temple has also been an integral part of West Bengal’s history. Founded in 1855, just two years before the Sepoy Mutiny, the temple is a symbol of Bengal’s rich cultural and spiritual heritage. Rani Rashmoni’s vision for the temple was that it should be open to all castes and religions.

Visiting the Temple

The Dakshineswar Kali Temple is a major tourist attraction in Kolkata, open every day from 6:00 AM to 12:30 PM and 3:00 PM to 9:00 PM. Festivals like Yatra, Snana, Kalpataru Day, and Kali Puja are celebrated at the temple.