Multnomah Falls is an iconic natural wonder located in the Columbia River Gorge of Oregon, attracting millions of visitors annually with its breathtaking beauty and rich cultural history. Standing at 620 feet tall, it is the tallest waterfall in Oregon and the second tallest year-round waterfall in the United States. This majestic waterfall is not just a popular hiking destination but also a place steeped in legend, history, and architectural charm.
Geographical and Natural Features
Multnomah Falls cascades down a basalt cliff face in two distinct tiers: the upper falls drop about 542 feet, while the lower falls descend approximately 69 feet. This two-tiered structure creates an awe-inspiring sight of rushing water that flows year-round, fed primarily by underground springs on Larch Mountain. The waterfall was formed about 15,000 years ago as a result of massive Missoula Floods, which carved out the Columbia River Gorge and shaped the region’s dramatic landscape.
The surrounding environment of Multnomah Falls is lush, with dense forests of Douglas fir, western red cedar, and hemlock trees, creating a temperate rainforest ambiance. The creek and the mist from the cascade foster a rich ecosystem that benefits from the constant moisture. The falls themselves are part of the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, known for a series of spectacular waterfalls dotting the landscape.
Cultural and Legendary Significance
Multnomah Falls holds deep cultural significance, particularly for the Native American Multnomah tribe, after whom the waterfall is named. According to local legend, a young Multnomah maiden sacrificed herself by leaping from the top of the falls to appease the Great Spirit and save her people from a devastating plague. After her sacrifice, water began flowing from the cliff, forming the waterfall as a symbol of her spirit and the tribe’s salvation. This legend, still told today, adds a spiritual and mystical layer to the site that resonates with indigenous cultural heritage.
Beyond this, the falls were a gathering place for the Chinook, Klickitat, and Wasco tribes, who revered the area for fishing, hunting, and spiritual ceremonies. The Columbia River nearby was a vital trade route, making Multnomah Falls an important landmark for indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest.
Historic Development and Accessibility
The modern accessibility and infrastructure of Multnomah Falls owe much to early 20th-century visionaries and philanthropists. In 1915, Simon Benson, a prominent Portland businessman, donated 1,400 acres including Multnomah Falls and nearby Wahkeena Falls to the city of Portland, ensuring the land’s preservation for public use. Benson funded the construction of the iconic Benson Footbridge, a stone arched bridge crossing the waterfall about 105 feet above the lower falls. This bridge, built by skilled Italian stonemasons, remains a central feature for visitors, offering unparalleled views and photo opportunities.
The nearby Multnomah Falls Lodge, completed in 1925 and designed by architect A.E. Doyle in a rustic Cascadian style, serves as a welcoming center providing meals, interpretive information, and lodging. Originally designed for tourists traveling on the Columbia River Highway, the lodge and footpaths surrounding the falls were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, ensuring their continued protection.
The Historic Columbia River Highway, opened in 1917, made Multnomah Falls more accessible than ever, allowing travelers to drive or take buses through the gorge and stop at the falls. Before this, the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company operated a stop near the falls from 1884 until World War II, connected by a rail line that enhanced early tourism.
Hiking and Visitor Experience
Multnomah Falls is served by well-maintained trails that range from easy walks suitable for families to more strenuous hikes for adventurers. The primary trail leads from the base at the Multnomah Falls Lodge up to the Benson Bridge and further to the top of the falls, offering spectacular views at every turn. From there, a more challenging hike continues to a talus slope over 100 feet above the falls and a vantage point overlooking the waterfall’s edge.
The entire hike to the top and back typically takes about 2 to 3 hours and includes steep switchbacks, so proper footwear and preparation are important. The trail is open year-round but hikers should be aware that it can be slippery in wet or icy conditions. Facilities like restrooms, a visitor center, and the lodge’s amenities enhance the visitor experience.
Because Multnomah Falls attracts more than two million visitors annually, crowds are frequent—especially on weekends and holidays. Early morning visits or weekdays are recommended for those seeking a more serene experience. Parking at the site is regulated and often fills quickly, with shuttle services available to reduce traffic during peak seasons.
Conservation and Safety
Efforts to preserve the natural beauty and cultural heritage of Multnomah Falls continue with state and federal management. Staying on marked trails, respecting wildlife, and following posted signs protect the environment and prevent accidents. Visitors are strongly cautioned not to venture onto slippery rocks or bypass safety barriers, as many accidents occur from such risky behavior near the powerful waterfall.
Weather conditions can change rapidly in the Columbia River Gorge, and visitors are advised to check forecasts and be prepared with layered clothing, water, and snacks. The combination of rugged terrain and wet conditions requires vigilance to ensure safe enjoyment of this stunning natural landmark.
Conclusion
Multnomah Falls is much more than just a waterfall; it is a symbol of Oregon’s natural grandeur, indigenous legends, early American conservation efforts, and outdoor adventure. Its towering cascade, historic structures, and cultural stories create an unforgettable experience for millions of visitors each year. Whether standing on the Benson Bridge, hiking to the summit, or simply soaking in the scene from the lodge, visitors are touched by the beauty and spirit of this magnificent waterfall in the heart of the Columbia River Gorge.
This blend of nature, history, and legend makes Multnomah Falls a must-see destination for anyone visiting the Pacific Northwest, offering both inspiration and tranquility in equal measure.
